Restitution of conjugal rights

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Restitution of conjugal rights When either the husband or the wife has, without reasonable excuse, withdrawn from the society of the other, the aggrieved party may apply, by petition to the district court, for restitution of conjugal rights and the court, on being satisfied of the truth of the statements made in such petition and that there is no legal ground why the application should not be granted, may decree restitution of conjugal rights accordingly. Explanation- Where a question arises whether there has been reasonable excuse for withdrawal from the society, the burden of proving reasonable excuse shall be on the person who has withdrawn from the society.[1] A decree of restitution of conjugal rights implies that the guilty party is ordered to live with the aggrieved party. The decree of conjugal rights cannot be executed by forcing the party who has withdrawn from the society from the other to stay with the person who institutes petition for restitution. The d...
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RIGHTS OF ACCUSED PERSON

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Legal rights of the accused person:-

Legal right:- Legal right refers to rights according to law.  

The right of accused persons at different stages include:-

  • The rights of an arrested person before his/her trial begins.
  • Rights of accused in India during a court trial.
  • The rights of an arrested person in India after his/her trial is completed.

The rights of an arrested person before his/her trial begins:-

Right to know about the allegations and charges: Under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, the rights of an arrested person under Criminal Procedure Code include to know the details of the offence and the charges filed against him/her.

Right against wrongful arrest: The rights of accused in India are provided only in cases where a warrant is issued. Under Section 57 of Code of Criminal Procedure and Article 22(2) of the Constitution Of India within 24 hours of arrest.
The Right against the ex-post facto law: Under Article 20(1) Constitution Of India, The accused person shall not be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence. An act that was not a crime on the day when it was done, cannot be considered as an offence.

Right against double jeopardy:  Under Article 20(2) of the Constitution Of India, A person cannot be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.

Right against self-incrimination: Under Article 20(3) of the Constitution Of India ,A person cannot be compelled to be a witness against himself as per.

Bail as the rights of accused in India: The right of an accused person allows them to file a bail application to be released from jail custody.                                                                                              There are three kinds of bail under Indian law- Anticipatory bail under section 438 Code of Criminal Procedure, Interim bail and Regular bail under section 437&439 Code of Criminal Procedure. A bail application for normal bail can be filed only in case of bailable offences. However, a person can also file an anticipatory bail through his criminal lawyer, before his arrest.
Right to legal aid: Under section 304 Code of Criminal Procedure, the rights of an accused person allow him/her to hire a lawyer to defend them and in case, he is not able to afford a lawyer, the State has to provide free legal aid to him for his representation in court.

Right to a fair and expeditious trial: The rights of accused in India has the right to fair trial in India and an expeditious trial, which is free of any bias.

Rights of accused in India during a court trial:-

The Right to be present during a trial: Under Section 273  Code of Criminal Procedure provides that all evidence and statements must be recorded in the presence of the accused or his criminal lawyer.

Right to get Copies of Documents: Under section 207 Code of Criminal Procedure the rights of accused persons in criminal cases to receive copies of all the documents free of cost filed by the prosecutor in relation to the case.

Right to be considered Innocent till proven guilty: The accused has the right to be considered innocent until his guilt is proven in court on the basis of evidence and statements by witnesses.

The Right to be present at the trial: Under section 273 Code of Criminal Procedure ,The accused person has the right to be present during evidence to be taken his trial and have testimony presented in front of him.

Right to cross-examination: It's the right of the accused in criminal cases to be cross-examined by the prosecutor to prove their innocence.

The rights of an arrested person in India after his/her trial is completed.

An accused person also has certain rights once his trial is over. These rights of the accused depend upon the outcome of his trial. This means, whether (s)he has been acquitted by the court or has been held guilty and arrested by police.

Rights of the Accused, if declared innocent
When a person is declared innocent and acquitted by the court, the following rights are given to him:
  • Accused persons have a right to get a free of cost  copy of the judgment.
  • Right to receive protection from police if there are reasons to believe there is a threat to his life post-acquittal.


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